Legal Guide: Filing a Civil or Criminal Case in the UAE


Navigating legal procedures in a foreign country can be daunting—especially in a country like the UAE where the legal framework is rooted in civil law, Islamic law, and modern statutory practices. Whether you are a resident, tourist, or business owner, understanding how to file a case in UAE is essential when your rights are violated or a dispute arises.

This guide will walk you through the process of filing both civil and criminal cases in the UAE, including the steps, required documents, timelines, and what to expect.

Difference Between Civil and Criminal Cases in the UAE

Before filing a case, it's important to understand the type of case you're dealing with.

Civil Case:
 Involves disputes between individuals or organizations over obligations, contracts, or compensation. Examples:

  • Business disputes

  • Unpaid debts

  • Breach of contract

  • Family matters (divorce, alimony)

Criminal Case:
 Involves actions considered offenses against the state or public order. Examples:

  • Theft

  • Assault

  • Fraud

  • Drug possession

  • Defamation

Knowing the distinction helps you decide how to file a case in UAE effectively.

How Do I File a Criminal Complaint in the UAE?

If you are a victim of a crime in the UAE, here's how to file a criminal complaint:

1. Go to the Nearest Police Station

Visit your local police station or use the Dubai Police smart app or Abu Dhabi Police e-services. Provide a detailed report of the incident.

Required:

  • Emirates ID or passport

  • Witness details (if any)

  • Evidence: messages, CCTV footage, documents

2. Police Investigation

The police will investigate, question involved parties, and prepare a report.

3. Referral to Public Prosecution

If the police find merit in your complaint, the case is transferred to the Public Prosecutor, who will decide whether to:

  • Dismiss the case

  • File charges and proceed to court

4. Court Proceedings

If charges are filed, the case will go to the Criminal Court, where you may need legal representation.

5. Appeal Options

Both the complainant and the accused have the right to appeal judgments in higher courts (Court of Appeal and Court of Cassation).

How to File a Civil Case in UAE

Civil cases usually begin with attempts at settlement or mediation. If unresolved, the matter proceeds to court.

1. Legal Consultation

Consult a lawyer to assess your case’s strength and jurisdiction. Some disputes must go through reconciliation committees first (e.g., family disputes).

2. Submit a Statement of Claim

File a written complaint in Arabic with the Court of First Instance (Civil Division).

The claim must include:

  • Full details of the parties involved

  • Nature of the dispute

  • Legal grounds for the case

  • Evidence and supporting documents

  • Requested compensation or legal remedy

3. Pay Court Fees

Court fees vary depending on the claim amount but typically range between 6%-7.5% of the total claim (capped).

4. Court Notification to Defendant

The court serves a notice to the opposing party, asking them to respond within a specified timeframe.

5. Court Hearings

Both parties attend scheduled hearings. Lawyers present arguments, documents, and witness statements.

6. Judgment and Appeal

The judge will deliver a decision. You may appeal within 15 to 30 days, depending on the case type.

Time Limits (Statute of Limitations)

  • Civil claims: Usually must be filed within 3 years from the incident

  • Criminal complaints: Time varies by offense (e.g., theft—3 years; defamation—3 months)

Filing promptly is crucial to avoid dismissal due to expired legal timelines.

Language and Translation Requirements

All court documents must be in Arabic. If your contracts or evidence are in another language, a legal translation by a certified translator is required.

Digital Platforms for Filing Cases

The UAE is rapidly digitizing its legal system. You can now file or track cases using:

  • Dubai Courts e-Services

  • Abu Dhabi Judicial Department

  • Ministry of Justice Smart Services

  • TAMM and DubaiNow Apps

These platforms allow submission, payment of court fees, and tracking case progress.

Do You Need a Lawyer?

While small civil claims can be filed without a lawyer, legal representation is highly recommended for both civil and criminal cases due to complex procedures and the Arabic language requirement.

Lawyers can:

  • Draft legal complaints professionally

  • Represent you in court

  • Negotiate on your behalf

  • File appeals, objections, and enforcement orders

Costs Involved

  • Court Fees: 6%-7.5% of claim (capped)

  • Translation Fees: For documents not in Arabic

  • Legal Fees: Varies based on complexity and lawyer experience

Fee exemptions may apply in criminal cases for complainants, especially in public interest matters.

Final Thoughts

Whether it’s a contract dispute or a criminal offense, knowing how to file a case in UAE can protect your rights and bring justice. The UAE’s legal system is transparent and increasingly efficient thanks to digitization and multilingual access.

If you're wondering, “How do I file a criminal complaint?” or need to initiate a civil lawsuit, it's best to consult a legal expert who can guide you step-by-step through the process.

Don’t delay—justice in the UAE starts with the right legal move.

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